Objective: Women, as one of the most influential social actors, play a significant role in addressing cultural, political, and social issues within contemporary societies. The factors shaping their agency can contribute to a better explanation of social development processes and the formulation of policies related to women. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the factors influencing women’s agency in confronting cultural, political, and social issues.

Method: This study employed a qualitative research design. The participants consisted of 30 women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding procedures.

Findings: The findings indicated that women’s agency can be understood through three interrelated dimensions: cultural, political, and social. The cultural dimension included categories such as communicative family discourse, cultural inequality, cultural capital, symbolic capital, identity challenges, cultural oppression, cultural deprivation, and the transition from tradition to modernity. The political dimension encompassed symbolic political capital, symbolic violence against women, the formation of new habitus, communicative action with governance structures, power conflicts, purposive governance actions, and strategic governance actions. The social dimension included social cognitive capital, social inequality, transformation of habitus, tensions between tradition and modernity, dynamic social identity, and patterns of interaction with governing institutions.

Conclusion: The results suggest that women’s agency in confronting cultural, political, and social issues is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by the interaction of cultural and symbolic capital, identity formation processes, power structures, and conditions of social inequality. Enhancing women’s cultural and social capital can facilitate a more effective role for women in social development processes