An approach in sociology and development

Abstract Abstract
Political consumerism, as an emerging phenomenon, enables individuals to participate in social and political processes by choosing goods and services consistent with their values. This phenomenon is focused on the market and cannot emerge in societies where civil society is not strong. The present study examines the emergence of the concept of political consumerism in political sociology. This study explains the nature, contexts, forms, and process of political consumerism as a non-institutional method in political participation. The documentary and library methods have been used. There is no statistical population or sampling in it. Data collection tools include library resources and articles published on the Internet. The data collection method was based on questionnaires based on the research questions and objectives. The results show that political consumerism is one of the new forms of political participation that has become popular in developed societies.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the social and cultural factors affecting the tendency towards emotional divorce among couples referring to counseling centers in Qaemshahr. Research Method: The above study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational and survey-type study in terms of method. The data collection tool is a 65-question questionnaire (researcher-made). The statistical population of the study includes all married men and women in Qaemshahr who have referred to counseling centers in this city for family counseling, which numbered 1134 people. In order to determine the sample size in the present study, the Cochran formula was used, and the sample size was 288 people. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between extramarital relationships of couples and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 61%), between modern lifestyle of couples and emotional divorce of couples(with a correlation coefficient of 63%), between the individual level and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 59%), between family social capital transfer and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 69%), between family cultural capital transfer and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 67%), and between socioeconomic status and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 60%). Conclusion: Emotional divorce is one of the harms that many families face. The collapse of marital ties is one of the most prominent examples of developments related to today's family. Therefore, the need to investigate the factors affecting emotional divorce is increasingly felt.

Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate and understand sociologically the practice of nail implants among the women of Qochan city. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Purposeful sampling was used to select the interviewees and theoretical sampling was used to determine the number of people. The investigated community are women living in the city of Qochan who have experienced nail implants. The number of examined samples is 27 women aged 20-60 who have experienced nail implants. According to the findings, the causal conditions of this research were fear of rejection and negative mental image towards their hands. The desire for beauty (body expressionism) is the central phenomenon of the research that happened in the context of social values and family conditions. Social restrictions and the sense of conflict of conditions and the interference of advertising and encouraging others to plant nails are the facilitating conditions of this phenomenon. The consequences and effects of studying the nail implant procedure in this research are increasing self-confidence, saving time and saving money. In the conditions of a changing society where women do not have much place in social affairs and many restrictions are applied, the body becomes one of the most effective tools for self-expression.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative study of the concept of justice in Islamic sociology and Western sociology, focusing on the views of Martyr Morteza Motahari and Michael Walzer. In order to achieve a model of justice from the perspective of these two thinkers, three knowledges were considered: "philosophical" (including epistemology, anthropology, and ontology), "paradigmatic," and "scientific" (including theory and model), and the data were collected and analyzed using a comparative method. The findings of this study show that despite the commonalities of the two thinkers in giving importance to society and community in the perception of social benefits and the principles of its distribution, Martyr Motahari considers the rights of society to be prior to the rights of individuals and does not agree with relativism and maximal pluralism in benefits and principles of distribution. He also believes in the existence of some universal and fixed perceptions of justice, contrary to Walzer's approach. On the other hand, Walzer, by enumerating eleven specific areas of justice (membership, security and welfare, money and goods, position, hard work, leisure, education, kinship and love, recognition and formality, divine grace and political power), emphasizes maintaining the independence of each area from "domination" and "monopoly." However, Shahid Motahari, by stating three general areas of justice (divine justice, individual justice and social justice), believes in the existence of an "all-round" relationship of influence between them in a structure where divine justice is the foundation of human justice and individual justice is the foundation of social justice.

Abstract The rapid growth of big data and the advancement of machine learning algorithms in recent years have paved the way for a significant conceptual and methodological revolution in sociology. This study introduces and implements an innovative framework based on transfer learning and multi-environmental data collection, comprehensively examining the potential of modern algorithms in analyzing social issues across diverse cultural and economic contexts. Unlike previous studies, which were mostly limited to a single society or specific dataset, the proposed approach leverages a combination of supervised and transfer learning models, enabling the generalization of findings from one society to another.
Data was gathered from diverse cross-cultural sources and, after adaptive preprocessing, algorithms such as Random Forest, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Logistic Regression were applied. The results not only demonstrate the superior performance of these algorithms in heterogeneous social environments but also highlight the relationship between cultural, economic variables, and the interpretability of predictive models.
The key innovations of this research lie in the use of transfer learning, cross-societal validation, and cultural sensitivity analysis of algorithms, which can open new avenues for data-driven studies in sociology and serve as a foundation for data-informed policymaking and social justice.

Abstract In Iran, oil, as the backbone of economic income, affects various social developments, including social mobility and sustainable development. In countries with abundant natural resources such as Iran, income from natural resources can become an obstacle to sustainable development by affecting social and economic conditions for various reasons, including lack of proper management of income. Therefore, oil can be both a factor in social and economic growth and development and can be an obstacle to it. The aim of the present study was to conduct a sociological analysis of the dimensions of sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry. This descriptive-review study examined the literature review of all studies conducted in relation to the sociological analysis of the dimensions of sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry during the last 10 years (from 2014 to 2016), which were selected using a random sampling method. After an initial search of articles and theses related to the topic and their screening, 12 articles were selected and reviewed. The findings show that public participation indicators, oil revenue developments and urbanization growth, governance and transparency, livelihood changes, lifestyle, changes in values and norms, environmental problems, socioeconomic inequalities in oil exports, weak job skills and increasing inequality, and economic and development programs based on oil revenue are among the most important factors affecting sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry.