An approach in sociology and development

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the social and cultural factors affecting the tendency towards emotional divorce among couples referring to counseling centers in Qaemshahr. Research Method: The above study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational and survey-type study in terms of method. The data collection tool is a 65-question questionnaire (researcher-made). The statistical population of the study includes all married men and women in Qaemshahr who have referred to counseling centers in this city for family counseling, which numbered 1134 people. In order to determine the sample size in the present study, the Cochran formula was used, and the sample size was 288 people. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between extramarital relationships of couples and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 61%), between modern lifestyle of couples and emotional divorce of couples(with a correlation coefficient of 63%), between the individual level and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 59%), between family social capital transfer and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 69%), between family cultural capital transfer and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 67%), and between socioeconomic status and emotional divorce of couples (with a correlation coefficient of 60%). Conclusion: Emotional divorce is one of the harms that many families face. The collapse of marital ties is one of the most prominent examples of developments related to today's family. Therefore, the need to investigate the factors affecting emotional divorce is increasingly felt.

Abstract Abstract
Free trade zones, due to their economic and commercial benefits, can be attractive targets for criminal activities. In this study, by examining general and specific crimes in free trade zones and crime prevention methods, including situational prevention and social prevention in these areas, we have tried to provide solutions to reduce crimes in these important and vital areas. Crime prevention in free trade zones requires a multifaceted approach that includes security, educational measures, and inter-organizational cooperation. Considering the specific needs of each area, implementing these strategies can lead to a reduction in crime rates and increased security in these areas. In the present study, we seek to answer the following questions: 1- What are free trade zone crimes? 2- What are the social prevention strategies for crimes in free trade zones? 3- What are the situational prevention strategies for crimes in free zones? Through research and studies in this field, it was found that in addition to common crimes such as rent, embezzlement, bribery, theft, specific crimes such as smuggling, entry and residence of foreigners without a permit, false cottage certificates, etc. occur abundantly in these areas. Social prevention techniques can also be improved in the form of measures to improve and clean the environment, public awareness, etc. For situational prevention, neutralizing crime-causing factors and criminal motives, etc. are also useful.

Abstract Abstract
Political consumerism, as an emerging phenomenon, enables individuals to participate in social and political processes by choosing goods and services consistent with their values. This phenomenon is focused on the market and cannot emerge in societies where civil society is not strong. The present study examines the emergence of the concept of political consumerism in political sociology. This study explains the nature, contexts, forms, and process of political consumerism as a non-institutional method in political participation. The documentary and library methods have been used. There is no statistical population or sampling in it. Data collection tools include library resources and articles published on the Internet. The data collection method was based on questionnaires based on the research questions and objectives. The results show that political consumerism is one of the new forms of political participation that has become popular in developed societies.

Abstract Abstract
The spread of unemployed university graduates in Iran indicates that the entrepreneurial spirit among students is facing serious challenges and if this situation continues, the unemployment problem will get much worse in the near future. Given that social factors are closely linked to the entrepreneurial spirit, the present study has attempted to examine the relationship between social capital and the entrepreneurial spirit of students. The method used is a survey method. The statistical population of the study is students of Yasuj University, 391 of whom were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The research tool for measuring entrepreneurial spirit is the entrepreneurial spirit questionnaire of Siadet et al. (2012), and the research tool for measuring social capital is the social capital questionnaire of Onix and Bullen (2000). Based on the descriptive findings of the study, the entrepreneurial spirit of students is at an average level. Based on the analytical findings of the study, there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial spirit. In addition, none of the demographic variables show a significant relationship with entrepreneurial spirit. The conclusion of the present study is that by increasing social capital, the spirit of entrepreneurship can be promoted among students and, in this way, help solve one of the country's important social issues, namely graduate unemployment.

Abstract Abstract:
This study examines the sociological dimensions of social media and cyberspace in Iran. Given the increasing penetration of these platforms in Iranians' daily lives, analyzing their impacts on social, cultural, political, and economic structures holds particular significance. The primary objective of this article is to identify and analyze patterns of media consumption, transformations in individual and collective identities, the formation of social movements, and their effects on public discourse within Iran's digital space. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis and surveys, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities characterizing Iranian society's interaction with virtual spaces. Preliminary findings indicate that while social media has created opportunities for innovative communication and civic engagement, it has simultaneously introduced challenges including misinformation dissemination, privacy violations, and widening social divides. The article concludes by proposing policy recommendations for cyberspace governance and promoting media literacy in society.

Keywords: Sociology of cyberspace, Social media in Iran, Individual and collective identity, Social

Abstract The aim of the current research is to investigate and understand sociologically the practice of nail implants among the women of Qochan city. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Purposeful sampling was used to select the interviewees and theoretical sampling was used to determine the number of people. The investigated community are women living in the city of Qochan who have experienced nail implants. The number of examined samples is 27 women aged 20-60 who have experienced nail implants. According to the findings, the causal conditions of this research were fear of rejection and negative mental image towards their hands. The desire for beauty (body expressionism) is the central phenomenon of the research that happened in the context of social values and family conditions. Social restrictions and the sense of conflict of conditions and the interference of advertising and encouraging others to plant nails are the facilitating conditions of this phenomenon. The consequences and effects of studying the nail implant procedure in this research are increasing self-confidence, saving time and saving money. In the conditions of a changing society where women do not have much place in social affairs and many restrictions are applied, the body becomes one of the most effective tools for self-expression.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative study of the concept of justice in Islamic sociology and Western sociology, focusing on the views of Martyr Morteza Motahari and Michael Walzer. In order to achieve a model of justice from the perspective of these two thinkers, three knowledges were considered: "philosophical" (including epistemology, anthropology, and ontology), "paradigmatic," and "scientific" (including theory and model), and the data were collected and analyzed using a comparative method. The findings of this study show that despite the commonalities of the two thinkers in giving importance to society and community in the perception of social benefits and the principles of its distribution, Martyr Motahari considers the rights of society to be prior to the rights of individuals and does not agree with relativism and maximal pluralism in benefits and principles of distribution. He also believes in the existence of some universal and fixed perceptions of justice, contrary to Walzer's approach. On the other hand, Walzer, by enumerating eleven specific areas of justice (membership, security and welfare, money and goods, position, hard work, leisure, education, kinship and love, recognition and formality, divine grace and political power), emphasizes maintaining the independence of each area from "domination" and "monopoly." However, Shahid Motahari, by stating three general areas of justice (divine justice, individual justice and social justice), believes in the existence of an "all-round" relationship of influence between them in a structure where divine justice is the foundation of human justice and individual justice is the foundation of social justice.