In Iran, oil, as the backbone of economic income, affects various social developments, including social mobility and sustainable development. In countries with abundant natural resources such as Iran, income from natural resources can become an obstacle to sustainable development by affecting social and economic conditions for various reasons, including lack of proper management of income. Therefore, oil can be both a factor in social and economic growth and development and can be an obstacle to it. The aim of the present study was to conduct a sociological analysis of the dimensions of sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry. This descriptive-review study examined the literature review of all studies conducted in relation to the sociological analysis of the dimensions of sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry during the last 10 years (from 2014 to 2016), which were selected using a random sampling method. After an initial search of articles and theses related to the topic and their screening, 12 articles were selected and reviewed. The findings show that public participation indicators, oil revenue developments and urbanization growth, governance and transparency, livelihood changes, lifestyle, changes in values and norms, environmental problems, socioeconomic inequalities in oil exports, weak job skills and increasing inequality, and economic and development programs based on oil revenue are among the most important factors affecting sustainable economic and social development in the country's oil and gas industry.